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A presidential election was held in Zambia on 30 October 2008 following the death of the incumbent President Levy Mwanawasa on 19 August 2008; the election had to be called within 90 days of the date of death. It was expected that there would be internal problems within the ruling Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) as Mwanawasa had not declared a successor prior to his death, but Acting President Rupiah Banda was selected as the MMD's candidate without apparent problems. Michael Sata stood as the candidate of the Patriotic Front (PF),〔 while Hakainde Hichilema stood as the candidate of the United Party for National Development (UPND).〔 Godfrey Miyanda stood as the candidate of the Heritage Party. The election was held to determine who should serve out the remainder of Mwanawasa's presidential term, which ends in 2011, rather than being an election for a full five-year term.〔 The result was decided in a single round on a plurality voting system basis. The South African Development Community (SADC), the African Union and the European Union were invited to send election observers. The EU did not send observers due to the tight timeframe. Final results were announced on 2 November 2008, giving Banda the victory with 40.09% of the vote against 38.13% for Sata. Banda was promptly sworn in on the same day. == Organizing, budgeting and financing == Following Mwanawasa's death, some questioned whether it would be financially possible for the Electoral Commission of Zambia to hold an election within the designated timeframe. It was also suggested that it would be necessary to hold the election without updating the voters' roll, but using an outdated voters' roll could cause complications during an election. The Electoral Commission decided to use the voters' roll from the 2006 election due to lack of time. A group called Anti-Vote Rigging, which was aligned with the opposition, took the matter to the High Court, seeking a decision that would force the Electoral Commission to "register new voters ahead of the elections because most people will be defranchised". The High Court ruled on 14 October that it was acceptable to use the old voters' roll due to time constraints. At a press conference on 5 September, Sata demanded that a date for the election be announced.〔 Acting President Rupiah Banda announced on 9 September that the election would be held on 30 October 2008.〔〔 The Electoral Commission set a budget of 240 billion kwacha (about 75 million US dollars) for the election, and the United Nations Development Programme said that it would contribute US$11.5 million. By 9 September, many provinces had received electoral materials being distributed by the Electoral Commission.〔 The Electoral Commission printed 600,000 more ballot papers than needed, saying that these would be used as substitute ballots in case of voter mistakes. The opposition objected to the printing of these extra ballot papers, arguing that they could facilitate vote rigging and calling for them to be destroyed. The Electoral Commission asked the four presidential candidates to attend a meeting on 15 October to discuss this issue.〔 In response to allegations from the opposition that there were plans to rig the election in Banda's favor, Florence Mumba, the Chairperson of the Electoral Commission, said on 22 October that the Commission was committed to "a credible and acceptable" election and that any complaints regarding the election would be investigated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zambian presidential election, 2008」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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